Hai, I am posting the work. This work is related to mechanical engineering and maintenance engineering subjects. In that work we have to use and GRANTAEDUPACK 2020 software and it was a problematic

Hai, I am posting the work. This work is related to mechanical engineering and maintenance engineering subjects. In that work we have to use and GRANTAEDUPACK 2020 software and it was a problematic
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING UCLan Coursework Assessment Brief Academic Year 2020 – 2021 Module Title: ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MATERIALS SELECTION Module Code: MP4702 Level 7 MP4702 – RESIT COURSEWORK BRIEF This assessment is worth 30% of the overall module mark THE BRIEF/INSTRUCTIONS The course work aims to address all the module learning outcomes by focussing on the quantitative descriptions on Structures and Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials and by incorporating a comprehensive understanding of the various failure modes and design criteria for materials selection. The module learning outcomes are provided in the resit coursework brief (Page Number – 5). University requests all student to use a uniform coursework cover sheet for submission. Please use the assessment cover sheet provide in the Blackboard (File name: MP4702_Assessment e-coversheet) to submit the coursework as a single document. Please look into the resit coursework brief for the questions (Page Number – 7 to 12). PREPARATION FOR THE ASSESSMENT The entire coursework is based on the taught lectures and tutorial sessions for the module. Read through the lecture materials, exercise and tutorial problems and supplementary materials provided in the Module Material area in the Blackboard space for the module. Reading List : http://readinglists.central-lancashire.ac.uk/index RELEASE DATES AND HAND IN DEADLINE Assessment Release date: 14/01/2021 Assessment Deadline Date and time: 14/04/2021 @ 18:00 Please note that this is the final time you can submit – not the time to submit! Your feedback/feed forward and mark for this assessment will be provided on 04/05/2021. Page 1 of 12 Question with Answers to the Course Work will be uploaded in the Blackboard after the submission deadline. Detailed discussion of the solutions to the Course Work will be discussed in the class during the revision lecture session for the module. SUBMISSION DETAILS The coursework should be your own work and should be properly type-written in your own words. Your assignment must be submitted electronically via blackboard by the submission time or before. Drawings can be done by hand or electronically but at the same time students are not allowed to copy paste the images from different e-resources directly. They can either be scanned / copied into your Word or pdf document Please see the instructions to candidates for more information (Page Number – 4). HELP AND SUPPORT Any questions arising from this assessment brief will be discussed in the class, online forum during the lectures/tutorial session. Please contact Dr. Arun Natarajan (Module Leader/Module Tutor) if you have any further queries. E-mail: [email protected] For support with using library resources, please contact Mr Bob Frost, E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]. You will find links to lots of useful resources in the My Library tab on Blackboard. If you have not yet made the university aware of any disability, specific learning difficulty, long-term health or mental health condition, please complete a Disclosure Form. The Inclusive Support team will then contact to discuss reasonable adjustments and support relating to any disability. For more information, visit the Inclusive Support site. To access mental health and wellbeing support, please complete our online referral form. Alternatively, you can email [email protected], call 01772 893020 or visit our UCLan Wellbeing Service pages for more information. If you have any other query or require further support you can contact The , The Student Information and Support Centre. Speak with us for advice on accessing all the University services as well as the Library services. Whatever your query, our expert staff will be able to help and support you. For more information , how to contact us and our opening hours visit Student Information and Support Centre. If you have any valid mitigating circumstances that mean you cannot meet an assessment submission deadline and you wish to request an extension, you will need to apply online prior to the deadline. https://www.uclan.ac.uk/students/support/extension-request-form.php Disclaimer: The information provided in this assessment brief is correct at time of publication. In the unlikely event that any changes are deemed necessary, they will be communicated clearly via e-mail and a new version of this assessment brief will be circulated. Version: 1 UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING RESIT COURSE WORK MODULE CODE: MP4702 MODULE TITLE: ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MATERIALS SELECTION MODULE TUTOR: Dr. ARUN NATARAJAN SEMESTER 2, 2020 – 2021 Time Allowed: STUDENTS SHOULD NOT SPEND MORE THAN THIRTY HOURS ON THIS COURSE WORK INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: VALUE This assignment constitutes 30% of the grade for this module. SUBMISSION DATE AND TIME: 14th April 2021 – 18:00 or any time before. INSTRUCTIONS The coursework should be your own work and should be properly type-written in your own words. Marks will be reduced for the typo-errors and missing units. The assignment will be checked for plagiarism using TURN-IT-IN software. Any plagiarism or copying from others will be dealt through the university’s plagiarism procedures. Similarity (plagiarism) level higher than 10% is highly suspicious. The assignment is divided into two sections, Section A and Section B. Section A and Section B constitutes equal weightage (50%) of the total marks with no choices. Answer all parts of the questions from each section. The whole report should be 1500 words plus any relevant material (figures, calculations, tables, etc.,). Any references to materials should be given in standard Harvard or Vancouver form. Your assignment must be submitted electronically via blackboard by the submission time or before. The report should be contained in a Word document or pdf document. No other means of submission will be accepted. Drawings can be done by hand or electronically but at the same time students are not allowed to copy paste the images from different e-resources directly. They can either be scanned / copied into your Word or pdf document. Any assignment submitted late, but within 5 working days of the deadline, will be given a maximum mark of 50%. Assignments submitted more than 5 working days after the deadline will not be marked, and a mark of 0% will be recorded. Students with special needs will be addressed on individual basis. (Candidates that may require any special requirement will be dealt with on a one-on-one basis which must be discussed with the module tutor/lead before the due date). Learning Outcome to be assessed: 1. Able to communicate effectively on material selection with material scientists 2. Able to understand the implications of different modes of material failure 3. To understand the effects of composition and heat treatment on the properties of different types of material 4. To select materials to minimise the likelihood of component failure 2020/2021 MODULE CODE: MP 4702 ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MATERIALS SELECTION RESIT COURSE WORK – SEMESTER 2 REG / ID NUMBER: DATE: By submitting electronically, I confirm that this piece of submitted work is all my own work (unless indicated otherwise within the assignment) and that all references and quotations from both primary and secondary sources have been fully identified and properly acknowledged in the body of the writing, with full references at the end. RESIT COURSEWORK BRIEF SECTION A (This section weighs 50 % of the total marks) The entire world is moving towards the renewable energy and one type of renewable energy is use of solar technology. As a material scientist in the solar company it is important for you to know the basics of how solar power works and installation procedure. This piece of information is important to be known by all the material scientists to make a right decision of the material selection for the solar panel application. A typical residential or light commercial solar power system consists of the photovoltaic cells, inverter, mounting hardware and data acquisition system. Figure 1 shows the photographic image of the solar panel mounted on a single pole. Figure 1: Solar panel mounted on a single pole ASSIGNMENT BRIEF FOR SECTION A: You have been asked to design the structure of a solar panel and a pole (mounting for the solar panel) for power transmission. The designed material needs to be light, strong, stiff and as cheap as possible. The cross section of the PANEL is specified as rectangular cross-section with b as breadth and h as height of the panel. The cross section of the POLE is specified as a COLUMN of circular cross-section, d. The designed panel and column have a length, L. Write down an equation for the material cost of the panel and column in terms of its dimensions, the price per kg of the material, Cm, and the material density, ρ. Provide a detailed, professional report that contains the following items mentioned below: 1. Definition and translation of the problem. Hint 1: You have to document the whole selection process. Hint 2: The dimensions of the panel and column are not given. You can decide your own realistic dimensions and the constraints for both the panel and column. Hint 3: You will need to decide extra constraints and find out the equations for a panel and a column. Hint 4: You will need to decide your objective and to compare the results with real world materials. Hint 5: You will need to provide a clear definition of the problem and write down the necessary equations used in the problem. Hint 6: You will need to translate the problem based of the definition and equation provided in the previous steps. Derive the performance index or indexes. Use GRANTA EduPack to select some screening constraint and select the actual material graphically. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1 Definition of the problem 8 marks (4* + 4**) 2 Translation of the problem 8 marks (4* + 4**) 3 Derive the performance and material indices 20 marks (10* + 10**) 4 Selection of the material graphically using GRANTA EduPack 2020 14 marks (7* + 7**) Note: * QUESTION A1 – Solar Panel; ** QUESTION A2 – Column Reminder, as it is an open exercise, each student is expected to have a unique solution as definition of the problem will be unique. (Total: 50 marks) SECTION B (This section weighs 50 % of the total marks) Jet engines are combustion engines and it is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term jet engine typically refers to an airbreathing jet engine such as a turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, or pulse jet. Airbreathing jet engines typically feature a rotating air compressor powered by a turbine, with the leftover power providing thrust through the propelling nozzle – this process is known as the Brayton thermodynamic cycle. Jet aircraft use such engines for long-distance travel. Early jet aircraft used turbojet engines that were relatively inefficient for subsonic flight. Most modern subsonic jet aircraft use more complex high-bypass turbofan engines. They give higher speed and greater fuel efficiency than piston and propeller aeroengines over long distances. A few air-breathing engines made for high speed applications (ramjets and scramjets) use the ram effect of the vehicle’s speed instead of a mechanical compressor. The thrust of a typical jet liner engine went from 22,000 N (de Havilland Ghost turbojet) in the 1950s to 510,000 N (General Electric GE90 turbofan) in the 1990s, and their reliability went from 40 in-flight shutdowns per 100,000 engine flight hours to less than 1 per 100,000 in the late 1990s. This, combined with greatly decreased fuel consumption, permitted routine transatlantic flight by twin-engine airliners by the turn of the century, where previously a similar journey would have required multiple fuel stops. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LolwC_Bytz0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8DK4rM6Y90 https://www.aviationpros.com/home/article/10387461/corrosion-how-does-it-affect-theinternal-engine https://www.intechopen.com/books/gas-turbines-materials-modeling-andperformance/the-importance-of-hot-corrosion-and-its-effective-prevention-forenhanced-efficiency-of-gas-turbines QUESTION B1 Draw the Time Temperature Transformation T-T-T diagram for nickel-based superalloy (Inconel 718) used in jet engines and show on the diagram the critical cooling curve, the transformation lines, the phases, the axis. (6 marks) Explain the change of structure with martensitic transformation in steels used in jet engines. (4 marks) With help of a phase diagram illustrate the various phase transformation occurring in the commercial titanium alloys (Ti – 6Al – 4V) used in the jet engines. (6 marks) With help of a phase diagram discuss the following phase transformation reaction occurring in the commercial Titanium alloys (Ti – 6Al – 4V) used in the jet engines Peritectic reaction and Peritectic point Peritectoid reaction and Peritectoid point (4 marks) (Total: 20 marks) QUESTION B2 Using suitable industrial examples, explain creep and oxidation of nickel based super alloys used in jet engines at high temperatures. Discuss three strategies to reduce creep and three strategies to reduce oxidation in jet engines at high temperatures. (10 marks) QUESTION B3 An aluminium alloy for an airframe component used in jet planes were tested in the laboratory under an applied stress which varied sinusoidally with time about a mean stress of zero. The alloy failed under a stress range Δσ of 300 MPa after 105 cycles. Under a stress range of 220 MPa, the alloy failed after 108 cycles. Assume that the fatigue behaviour of the alloy can be represented by ∆
Hai, I am posting the work. This work is related to mechanical engineering and maintenance engineering subjects. In that work we have to use and GRANTAEDUPACK 2020 software and it was a problematic
39 ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MATERIAL SELECTION By Name Course Instructor Institution Location Date ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MATERIAL SELECTION QUESTION 1 Part 1 Function Pressure vessel Objective Minimize the cost, C Constraints Length, L specified Diameter (2R) ,Specified Must not fail by fast fracture Material must not fail by buckling Must not fail by yielding Free Variables Choice of Material Thickness ,t The cost for the pressure vessel C is given by the product of mass and cost per kilogram Cm of material Failure of material due to yielding Allowable stress needs to be less than yield material strength, to prevent material yielding The cylindrical pressure vessel designed need to withstand both circumferential and longitudinal stress. The design material to withstand circumferential stress must be higher than longitudinal stress (Ashby, 2013) Stress in walls of pressure vessel caused by pressure p needs not be exceed Substituting the equation to eliminate t which is a free variable (Abdullah, 2012) Material cost Material cost The material performance index for Yielding; The mass of material is minimized through selecting materials with largest index values The cost of material is minimized through selecting materials with largest index values Material failure due to fast fracture Substituting the value t which is a free variable in the equation; And the cost is given by Material performance Index for Fast Fracture The mass is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value (Cavallini, 2013) The mass is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value. Conditions for buckling prevention requirement Substituting the equations Based on mass Mass is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value Cost is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value The two performance index for material selection results to multiple problem constraint .Some materials may comprise of extra mass of fast fracture which may result to fail due to yielding while other may fail through yielding due to their thickness that may be excess for fracture. Depending on the initial largest crack size the 2 cost equations () will represent the precise material with minimum cost and fail on the same time by yielding fracture chosen and this can be achieved by coupling the two costs i.e. (. For the 1st material index- For the 2nd The equation form which is a straight line (Banerjee, 2015) Pressure vessel Minimize the cost, C Diameter , (2R) Specified Material must not fail by yielding Material must not fail by buckling Material must not fail by fast fracture Thickness ,t Choice of Material The cost of the vessel, of the material The mass of the material is minimized through selection materials with largest index value (Chakraborty, 2011) The material cost is minimized through selection of material with largest index value The conditions for fast fracture prevention it requires Substituting t in the equation with Material performance index The mass of material is minimized by selection of material with large index value The cost of material is minimized through selection of material with large index value Conditions for buckling prevention requirement (Cavallini, 2013) Substituting the equations Based on mass Mass is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value Cost is minimized through selecting materials with largest index value For the 1st material index- For the 2nd material index- The equation form which is a straight line QUESTION 2 Part 1. For the material selection of the spring a precise material index first needs to be developed .The free variables in this case is the thickness (t) and the width (b) will be the constraints for maximum deflection (δmax) and safe stiffness (S). The δmax and S are used to fix the free variables and then the problem is translated in order to develop the equation for mid-point deflection for 3 bending loaded beam points at a force (F) which is determined using the equation; The deflection at which failure may occur can be determined by the equation below; Function Leaf-spring Objective To minimize the mass Constraints Spring stiffness(S) specified Spring Length (L) specified Maximum displacement specified Free variables Material choice Thickness (t) and Width (b) Objective: Mass (m) minimize Maximum stiffness S is expressed before the leaf-spring failure at the central load (F) expressed in terms of b and t which are the free variables; Assuming that the midpoint beam deflection is determined by; Free variable b is eliminated and equation becomes; to give (Powers, 2012) Part 2. To get the penalty for the equation, a penalty function is required. The relative function for the penalty for the equation is given by, Where CFRP and low alloy steel when evaluated at i.e. at low cost, the steel alloy have the lowest compared to CFRP (Martínez, 2010).Now increasing the value of from to i.e. large cost now the CFRP have the lowest compared to steel alloy. Applying the trade-off curve shown on the figure above, surface or near to surface material contains attractive cost and mass and most of them are of low-carbon steel. Will be in contact with trade-off line identifying the appropriate material. For indicates higher strength steel as the best choice due to higher strength that tolerates a thinner spring wall. is in contact with Mg ,CFRP and Al alloys where the material weigh is most considered as the best choice. QUESTION 3 The alloy (Al-4% Cu comprises 5 essential structure identified as, GPI zone, phase, phase and phase. The precipitation sequence can be illustrated as; Phase phase phase Depending on the temperature, the phase field is comprised of Pearlite and Bainite. Quench below marked by Ms the austenite transforms through a process known as diffusionless transformation including shear to hard phase (Martensite). Below Mf Martensite transformation is complete and is exhausted and can’t transform further to thus resulting to a new phase martensite field which is not a time function but quenching temperature between Ms and Mf (Ashby, 2012). Binary system comprises of 2 metal or compounds whose solubility is predicted using Hume-Ruthery conditions. Example iron-iron carbide determined using the conditions that includes; The elements are required to have similar valence The constituent atom needs not to differ by >15% The compound or element crystal used must be similar Peritectic reaction as shown from the diagram above can be defined as the reaction that involves combination of solid-liquid phase to form the second phase at a specific temperature and composition. e.g. The reaction takes place slowly and the product forms a boundary between the two reacting phases and separates them slow. The reaction occurs at a temperature of 1495oC. Peritectic point (invariant point) is a point on phase diagram where Peritectic reaction takes place (the precipitate and liquid phase forming a new solid). The temperature at Peritectic point remain constant to process completion. Diffusive phase transformation like spinodal decomposition can be described as a long-range movement of atoms causing a slow. For example decomposition of Eutectoid steels to pearlite. Displacive phase transformation such as martensitic transformation involves variation of crystal structure through a unit cell alteration without facing a long motion of atoms. The 2phase transformation interact and compete in formation of a new substance such as in steel, shape memory alloys. The intermediate temperature for various microstructure like bainite are produced in steel by diffusive-displacive mixed mechanism. Tentatively, the two transformation phase are coupled in determining a TTT of bainite diagram (Cheng, 2010). QUESTION 4 No. Damaging the coating disclosures steel and the iron component in steel alloy rusts and but the rusting gutter repairing is simple as it only involve allocating the minor rust damage and scrub it off using of a wire brush. It will better protected. Zinc coating on the surface metal alloy comprising iron that is prone to rusting, Zinc forms a formidable barrier that is corrosion-resistant providing a protective barrier to moisture and prevent steel from rusting (Cheng, 2010). . Rusting (hydration and oxidization of iron) QUESTION 5 Dislocation movement is a linear crystallographic irregularity that occurs within the crystal structure of metals triggered by a sudden changes in arrangement of its atoms. This motion allows atoms to slide over each other to a low level stress in a process known as glide. Crystalline is restored by slip dislocation. The dislocation in metal is defines the unslipped and slipped boundary of material leading to an extended edge and a complete loop of crystals. There are 2 types of dislocation movement, they include, Screw dislocation This type of dislocation is very difficult to visualize and the motion is caused by shear stress causing perpendicular movement to direction of stress and atom displacement. The dislocation requires less force compared to bond breaking across the central plane (Ashby, 2012). Edge dislocation/ line defect This type of dislocation involves a defective points locus formed in a lattice through dislocation that lies a long a line that crosses the top the half-plane. Distortion of inter-atomic bonds occurs only in immediate locality of dislocation line. The movement is comparable to motion of a caterpillar exerting a large force moving its whole body at once. If the rear portion is moved it creates a hump that moves forward by a small amount. Edge dislocation involves burger vector that is described by the magnitude and direction of distortion that is always perpendicular to direction line and Line direction-describes the direction across the bottom of an extra plane (Powers, 2012). Metal creep is a time-dependent deformation that occurs at high or room temperature under the applied force resulting to increase of the metal length. For example in industry includes; heating metal filaments. The deformation rate can be determined as a gradient of creep strain line against time graph as shown the diagram above. Stages of metal creep includes (Ashby, 2012); Initial stage/Primary stage –deformation starts very rapidly and decreases with time. Second stage/Secondary stage -the deformation rate is uniform Third stage/Tertiary stage-deformation increase speed and stops when metal breaks this stage is allied with the necking formation a boundary known as grain void. Plastic deformation is a non-recovery deformation i.e. if the load is removed the dislocation continues and metal atoms remain in the new location. Dislocation creep is the movement of crystals lattice that involves individual plastic distortion. It is very reflective to material differential stress and it is common during low temperature. References Abdullah, A. B., 2012. Advanced Materials Engineering and Technology. London: Trans Tech Publications. Ashby, M., 2012. Materials and the environment: eco-informed material choice. London : Elsevier. Ashby, M., 2013. Materials and design: the art and science of material selection in product design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Volume 3, pp. 1-40. Banerjee, A., 2015. Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review. Progress in Materials Science, Volume 72, pp. 141-337. Cavallini, C., 2013. Integral aided method for material selection based on quality function deployment and comprehensive algorithm. Materials & Design, Volume 47, pp. 27-34. Chakraborty, S., 2011. Materials selection using complex proportional assessment and evaluation of mixed data methods. Materials & Design, 2(32), pp. 851-860. Cheng, H., 2010. Advanced materials for energy storage. Advanced materials, 8(22), pp. E28-E62. Karande, P., 2012. Application of multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis method for materials selection. Materials & Design, Volume 37, pp. 317-324. Liu, L., 2015. Material selection using an interval 2-tuple linguistic method considering subjective and objective weights. Materials & Design , Volume 72, pp. 158-167. Martínez, M., 2010. Selection of materials with potential in sensible thermal energy storage. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 10(94), pp. 1723-1729. Powers, J., 2012. Craig’s restorative dental materials/edited by Ronald L. Sakaguchi, John M. Powers. Philadelphia. London: Elsevier. Sugioka, K., 2014. Ultrafast lasers—reliable tools for advanced materials processing. Light: Science & Applications, 4(3), pp. e149-e149.. Tong, X. C., 2016. Advanced Materials and Design for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. New York: CRC Press.