Respond to a minimum of two peers. Ask questions regarding content or formatting.Include at least one open ended question.Provide suggestions for improvement, transitions, modifications.Respond to pee

Respond to a minimum of two peers. Ask questions regarding content or formatting.Include at least one open ended question.Provide suggestions for improvement, transitions, modifications.Respond to pee
I. Introduction A. Current Problem: The selection of materials and technology confines is limited while the need for 3D printing is soaring. B. Population/Area of Focus: Healthcare worker, surgeon, and medical students C. Key Terms: Computer-aided design, Additive manufacturing, SLA- Stereolithography, Personalized dosage forms Thesis Statement: Despite the many limitations of 3D printing, its technology is beneficial to the medical field by providing precise visuality of human tissue and organ and can shorten surgery time. II. Background A. History of 3D printing: The first time of 3D printing came about was in the early 1980s. The first to be credited for this invention was Hideo Kodama of Japan. B. Growth of 3D printing: Since the early 90s, companies have begun to experiment with the different additive manufacturing technologies. The first commercially available printer was released in 2006. C. Current state of 3D printing: Prices of 3D printers have been declining since 2010, making them more widely available. Printing quality and ease of use improved in tandem with lower prices. III. Major Point 1: 3D printing in the operation room A. Provides visualization of organs B: Cut time and cost in the operating room IV. Major Point 2: Increased Productivity A. Conventional methods of producing items such as prosthetics and implants are far less efficient than 3D printing. B. Materials that can be used in 3D printing are becoming more affordable. V. Major Point 3: 3D printing is beneficial for medical students A. Can be used as a learning tool in the classroom B. Increase confidence in learning complex subjects such as anatomy and improve test scores. VI. Challenges in 3D printing: A. Difficulty in printing large complex organs B. Copyright and trademark concerns VII. Conclusion A. 3D printing technology has applications in medicine because it makes it possible to visualize human tissue and organs and because it helps speed up surgery. B. Next Steps: The use of anatomical models will become standard for surgery. Hospitals and labs are adopting 3D printing as part of their medical practices and research efforts worldwide. While completing the outline, I faced the challenge of how to start writing the outline. I didn’t know where to begin. I was thinking of the deadline and wondering if I will have enough information to create eight full pages of research. While gathering research I ran into the problem of finding repetitive information. Each source I found said the exact same thing. I had to look further for more information. Most of the research I wanted to use was out of date so that was another challenge I had to overcome. I found the online library the most useful when conducting my research. I was able to find the most credible resources that were current.
Respond to a minimum of two peers. Ask questions regarding content or formatting.Include at least one open ended question.Provide suggestions for improvement, transitions, modifications.Respond to pee
I. Introduction The progress of stem cell research was a significant turning point in history and certainly caught the attention of scientific medicine. In the last two decades, it has advanced from therapeutic modalities to be hopeful in its progress in treating major diseases. Stem cell research is being followed to achieve medical developments and breakthroughs in science. Once scientists and researchers realized stem cell potential, they aimed to create therapies and treatments to replace and rebuild. Both adult and embryonic stem cells offer hope to patients who have cancer, Parkinson’s, and diabetes, to name a few. Scientists must consider the ethical and moral debate of stem cell research. The question of concern is the nature of early human life, the embryo. Even with the controversy still today, the majority of religious and political Americans support stem cell research and understand that regulations must be set forth. Even though there are serious concerns for safety, stem cell research should be more widely accepted both ethically and morally, because it is the key to medical progress and possible cures for numerous diseases and conditions. II. Stem Cells What are stem cells Undifferentiated cells that have not yet received a specific set of characteristics. Can self-replicate and hold the potential to grow into specific cell types. Two types of stem cells Adult stem cells-Somatic or non-embryonic stem cells that are undifferentiated with the ability to continue dividing and differentiating into specialized cell types. Embryonic stem cells-Stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, (4-5 days old post-fertilization). III. Adult Stem Cells Multipotent cells Develop into more than one cell type. What role do they play? To replenish dying cells Regenerate damaged tissue Medical Progress Treat heart failure, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and diabetes. Regenerative medicine IV. Stem Cell Therapy- Use- To treat or prevent a disease or condition Established therapy-Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Bone marrow transplantation derived from bone marrow or also taken from umbilical cord blood. Apheresis-Blood taken from a vein and circulated through a machine that removes the stem cells and is used for regenerative medicine. Benefits Increases functionality, range of motion, and flexibility of the joint, muscle, or part of the body that was damaged. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases Heals incisions and wounds Autoimmune diseases V. Reversing type 1 diabetes with stem cell islets. A. How is this achieved? 1. A pancreatic or islet cell transplant B. Viacyte and Vertex-Clinical trial companies 1. Viacyte- Clinical trials started March 2014 2. Vertex-Clinical trials began March 2021. VI. Stem Cell Transplantation in Neurorehabilitation How is this achieved? Stem cell therapy in conjunction with physiotherapy Goal To preserve the patient’s previous level of mobility both prior to and following the treatment. Who can Benefit? Patients who have suffered a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord injury. VII. Demystifying the wild west of Regenerative Medicine What is regenerative medicine Process of replacing, engineering, or regenerating human or animal cells, and tissue organs. Why To restore or establish normal function Alternative treatment Conditions Arthritis, Parkinson’s, diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. Commonly used Bone marrow, adipose tissue, platelet-rich plasma, umbilical stem cells and cord blood. VIII. Solving Lymphomas stem cell problem Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients who receive a transplant known as an autologous transplant are healed. Patients receive allogeneic stem cells as last resort if Lymphoma has spread. GvHD- Severe immune response Drugs to treat GvHD are ibrutinib, ruxolitinib, and baricitinib with the use of T-Cells from cord blood. IX. Germ Line Gene Therapy What is Gene therapy Introduction of a therapeutic gene to replace a faulty gene. When is Gene therapy used? When sperm and egg are genetically altered, somatic therapy first, then germline gene therapy second. Passed down to future generations in the treatment of hereditary illnesses. Moral and ethical Challenges Religious groups and politicians Regulated FDA and NIH X. Human Cloning A. What is a clone? 1. Genetically identical copy B. Two methods 1. Reproductive or therapeutic C. How is it achieved 1. Therapeutic- a human embryo is formed from a somatic cell and the cells of the embryo are used to produce different types of cells and tissues. 2. Reproductive- Nuclear transfer to make an embryo to full term as opposed to harvesting stem cells. D. Objections- entails the creation of embryos for the benefit of a third party. XI. Regulating the stem cell industry: needs and responsibilities Public health concerns Risk and undetermined medical benefits Illegal and unlicensed clinics Vulnerable patients Cost and financial harm